Early financing

Early financing belongs to company of venture capital investment field, and private equity.Investors usually invest in the early stages of development of the company, that is to say the company has just set up or are preparing to set up, need to develop capital, need to make a profit.Early financing risk, because the market for new ideas as repercussions unpredictable.But if the company is successful, the risk investor returns the corresponding will be very high.

Home theater

Home theater in general can be synthesized from two concepts to understand these two concepts are "home theater standard " and "family environment play movies in the playback system."Home theater market adds an army : the present micro projectors home theater, has a 50% market share, from 2009 to 2010 in a short span of one year, the projection to home theater into the forces had defeated the TV to occupy the market peak, especially its unique CMMB function and then watch TV set top box function, processing and storage, you can download the latest network film and music and other functions, is the color can not be replaced, mini projector will occupy in the future market of domestic movie theater.

Video playing system

People often say that playing system mainly includes three parts, respectively, for audio and video player, AV amplifier and speaker system.The three lacked any department can not be called home theater playing system.As a consumer is necessary for this three part of understanding and awareness.The author is now introduce broadcast system in the three part:

Audio and video player

In the market we can find a lot of such as LD, VCR, VCD or DVD machines.But as the modern home theater used playback system, a part of LD, VCR, VCD machines is not a part of them.Like VCD, the VCD disk for the MPEG-1 format, the image was severely compressed, image distortion is very large, can saying is cinema effect.So the use of VCD machine is not a family cinema system of video and audio player.DVD is now the most popular also composed of family cinema system basic configuration.Without the support of multi-channel playback is not composed of family cinema system of audio and video player.

AV power amplifier

AV power amplifier in multi channel power amplifier.But many channel amplifier must support multiple input or multichannel decoding output can be called AV amplifier.That is the most basic should support the Dolby AC-3 amplifier and a DTS output, it can be called the modern family cinema system components in the AV amplifier.Now most of low-cost AV amplifier with Dolby AC-3 decoding and decoding DTS, also known as double decoding.Of course, there are more advanced THX power amplifier etc.

Speaker system

Home cinema system finally a component for a speaker system.Is also broadcast system accounts for the largest proportion of the price of a part.In 20000 yuan the following, audio and video player / AV amplifier / speaker system according to the 1 / 1 / 2 of the price down to buy, but because the AV power amplifier system plays an important role in some time we can according to 1 / 1.5 / 2 of the price of the purchase.The most basic speaker system for 5.1 channel, a pair of main speakers, a pair of surround speakers, a built-in speakers and a subwoofer speaker.

"Domestic movie theater is?"The first answer here.In fact, modern home theater or previously called home theater as well.Their common feature is in the home environment to create a cinema effect.Technology products are also constantly in the update, there won't be immutable and frozen products, so as to what the family theater to have a certain knowledge of it will not be like the stars in the sky as deceptive advertising language to cheat.

Ubiquitous Computing

Pervasive computing is also called universal deposit and computing, pervasive computing ( pervasive computing or Ubiquitous Computing) this concept emphasizes and environmental com. Calculation, and the computer itself from the people's sight.In the pervasive computing model, people can at any time and any place and in any manner of information acquisition and processing.

Put forward

Pervasive computing originated in 1988, Xerox PARC series of laboratory research program.In the program the Xerox Research Center (Xerox) PARC Mark Weiser first put forward the concept of ubiquitous computing.The 1991 Mark Weiser in "Scientific American" published the article "The Computer for the 21st Century", put forward formally to pervasive computing ( Ubiquitous Computing).Mark Weiser pointed out : pervasive computing

"The most profound technologies are those that disappear . They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it."

In 1999, IBM is also presented in Pervasive Computing ( IBM called Pervasive Computing) concept, which is omnipresent, whenever and wherever possible can be calculated in a way.Like Weiser, IBM also emphasized the computational resources general exist in environment, people can obtain the needed information and services whenever and wherever possible.

In 1999 the European study group ISTAG proposed ambient intelligence ( Ambient Intelligence) concept.Actually it is with the pervasive computing is similar in concept, but in the United States, often called the pervasive computing, while European some organization is called the intelligent environment.The two formulation is different, but the same meaning, the experimental direction is consistent.

Core ideology

Scientists said that the pervasive computing is the core idea of small, cheap, network processing devices are widely distributed in the daily life of all places, the computing device will not only depend on the command line, graphical interface for human-computer interaction, and more dependent on the "natural" interactively computing device size shrinks to mm or nanometer level.

In the pervasive computing environment, wireless sensor network will be widely popularized in environmental protection, transportation and other fields play a role; body sensor network will greatly promote the health monitoring and interactive development.A variety of new interactive technology (such as tactile display, OLED etc.) will make the interaction easier and more convenient.

Characteristic

Pervasive computing is very extensive, involving technology including the mobile communication technology, small computing equipment manufacturing technology, small computing devices on the operating system technology and software technology.

Intermittently connected with lightweight computing (i.e. computational resources are relatively limited ) is a pervasive computing is the two most important features.Pervasive computing software technology is realized in this environment affairs and data processing.

In the information age, pervasive computing can reduce equipment complexity, make people's lives easier and more efficient.In fact, the pervasive computing is a natural extension of network computing, which allows not only for personal computers, and other small smart device can also be connected to the network, so as to be convenient for people to acquire information and take action immediately.

At present, the IBM has a pervasive computing identified as electronic commerce after another major development strategy, and the beginning of end to end solution of technology research and development.IBM believes that the realization of pervasive computing is the basic conditions for computing equipment is more and more small, convenient for people to wear and use whenever and wherever possible.In a computing device at all times, omnipresent conditions, pervasive computing is possible.

Scientists think that the pervasive computing is a state, in this state, the iPad and other mobile equipment, Google Docs or remote gaming technology Onlive cloud computing applications, 4G or wide area Wi-Fi high speed wireless networks together, clear the " computer " as to obtain digital service media central position.With every car, every camera, computer, each and every watch TV screen has almost unlimited computing power, the computer will completely into a "behind the scenes" so that users do not feel their existence.

Capital gains

Asset sale price higher than the original purchase cost, profit is called the capital gains.And the corresponding capital loss, refers to the assets sold price lower than the original purchase price.Capital gains on assets only in sale is realized and unrealized capital gains refers to the once sell profitable assets.Investors can not take all capital gains, as capital gains taxes to tax, specific for different tax system to another.

Transition loans

The transition is a company to get a long-term loan financing for management and use down before a short-term financing. The company to do so, sometimes because for long-term capital in cash before is not enough, sometimes in the company is to strengthen the balance sheet to market before.  

phone system

At present, the mobile phone formats include GSM, CDMA, 3 G, since three mobile phone came out today, the first generation of simulation system through mobile phone (1 G), the second generation GSM, TDMA etc digital mobile phones (2 G), 2.5 generation mobile communication technology CDMA and the third generation mobile communication technology 3 G.

GSM, CDMA and 3 G comparison

GSM digital mobile communication system is the major European telecom operators and by the manufacturer of the standardization of the committee, it is designed in the cellular system based on development and into. Including GSM900MHz, GSM1800MHz and GSM1900MHz and several other frequency band. GSM system several important characteristics: good ability to guard against theft kao, network capacity, rich resources, and number clear communication, strong stability is not easy to interference, information sensitive, calling blind Angle less power consumption, mobile phone lower.

CDMA is the abbreviation of CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), it is in digital technology branch of spread spectrum communication technology, developed on a new and mature wireless communication technology. It can meet the market for mobile communication capacity and quality of high demand, with high efficiency and voice quality spectrum good, the secrecy of simulation.one of strong, low and electromagnetic radiation small, large capacity, covering area etc, to reduce the amount investment and reduce operating costs. 3 G is the third generation mobile communication technology, is the next generation of mobile communication system of intellectuals. 3 G system for users to provide better voice, text and data services. And the existing technology, for comparison, the main advantage of the 3 G technology is can substantially increase the system capacity, improve the communication quality and speed of data transmission. In addition to use in the different network seamless roaming technology, which will wireless communication system and Internet connection, and to move up to end users with more advanced services more.

Compared with GSM mobile phones CDMA mobile phone, CDMA mobile phone has the following advantages: CDMA mobile phone use of advanced switching technology: soft switching technology (i.e. switch is first in good again after the break), making phone calls to CDMA mobile phone and fixed phone can be comparable; Use CDMA network, operators of investment is to reduce, it is CDMA mobile phone charges of reserved space; cut For the extension frequency communications with the basis of a modulation and multiple address communication mode, its capacity than simulation technology high 10 times more than the GSM network, about 4 times; Based on the broadband technology of mobile communication makes the CDMA video applications become possible, and thus causes the handset can only send short phone call from and information service in the narrow to broadband multimedia applications.

Mobile phone system

All of the current cell phones through the radio waves, mobile phone and communication cycle more mobile phones can be used in the same frequency is strategic two or three different frequency band mobile phones.

Dual mode mobile phone and multimode mobile phone, which can be used in two or DuoGe different mobile network of mobile phones, such as GSM and CDMA, GSM and PHS, 2 G and 3 G, etc. Although these cell phones in the price change in single-mode phone, but give users a new choice, providing better flexibility. They now as a standard of the transition, short period of products, in improving the efficiency of the customer, network and operators are cheaper option.

GSM full name is: Global optimisation techniques for Mobile Communications System, the development of European digital Mobile phone network standards, it's development purpose is to let the world to use a Mobile phone network standard, let users to use a Mobile phone can traveled across the world. GSM system including 900:900 MHz, GSM GSM1800:1800 MHz and GSM-1900, 1900 MHz and several other frequency band.

GSM system several important characteristics: good ability to guard against theft kao, network capacity, rich resources of mobile phone number, and the average blurs clear, strong stability is not easy to interference, information sensitive, calling blind Angle less power consumption, mobile phone low. At present on the world of both major GSM system for GSM 900 and GSM1800, because used different frequency, so for mobile phone is endless also and same. The former development time is earlier, use more, the development of the latter country was late, use countries also less. Physical features, the former spectrum is low, the wavelengths longer, penetration is bad, but the transmission distance, and mobile phone launch power is stronger, power consumption, so large standby time is short; While the latter spectrum is higher, relatively short wavelengths, penetration, but the transfer of better, its mobile phone short distance from the launch of small power, standby time is correspondingly more long.

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is a Division Multiple Access) Code-the abbreviation of technology, is in recent years in the digital mobile communication emerge in the process of a kind of advanced wireless spread spectrum communication technology, it can meet the market for mobile communication let quantity and quality of high demand, with high efficiency and voice quality spectrum good, the secrecy of simulation.one of strong, low and electromagnetic radiation small, large capacity, the covering area etc, to reduce the amount investment and reduce operating costs.

The earliest qualcomm CDMA by the United States launched with GSM, CDMA, same had two generations, and 2.5 g and 3 generation technology. China unicom will launch in the second half of this year the CDMA belong to 2.5 generation technology. CDMA is considered to be the third generation mobile communication technology first choice, the current standard have WCDMA, CDMA2000, td-scdma.

What is the CDMA2000?

CDMA2000 TIA standards organization used to refer to is the name of the third generation of CDMA. Apply to 3 G standard called CDMA of TIA 2000, this technology IS itself IS called CDMA2000.

The first phase of the CDMA2000 1 x, also known as the make have existing IS 95 system of communication can be the whole system capacity doubled, and can be added to the data rate IS as high as 614 KBPS.

More than 1 x higher CDMA2000 technology advances include 1 xEV (high speed data rate). By QCT launched MSM5000 ™ CDMA2000 chipset solutions backward compatibility cdmaOne (IS 95 CDMA).

CDMA2000 standard by three GPP2 organization, including the Release version for 0, Release A, ev-do and EV-DV, Release the main characteristic is used 0 ANSI-41 D based on core nets, in the wireless access network and core nets adds support service network group entity, this version has been stable. Unicom CDMA will be opening of the second phase of the project by a single carrier is the version, the highest rate can reach 153.6 downlink kbit/s. Release A is Release 0 of the strengthened, and the single carrier highest rate can reach 307.2 kbit/s, and support voice business and grouping of concurrent business. Ev-do using single carrier support data business, can be in 1.25 MHz standards in the carrier and at the same time providing the voice and high speed packet data service, the highest rate can reach 3.1 Mbit/s

3 G is the abbreviation of 3 rd Generation, refers to the third Generation mobile communication technology. The first generation of simulation system relative mobile phone (1 G) and the second generation GSM, TDMA etc digital mobile phones (2 G), third generation mobile phone generally speaking, it is to point to will wireless communication and Internet and multi-media communication with a new generation of mobile communication system. It can deal with images, music, video, etc DuoZhong media forms, provide including surfing the web, conference calls and e-commerce, DuoZhong information service. In order to provide this service, the wireless network must be able to support different transmission speed, that is in the indoor and outdoor and driving environment can support at least 2 Mbps respectively (megabytes per second), 384 KBPS (bits/SEC) and 144 KBPS transmission speed.

3 G technology standards

The international telecommunications union (ITU) in May 2000 sure W-CDMA, CDMA2000 and TDS-CDMA three mainstream wireless interface standards, writing 3 G technology guidance documents "2000 international mobile communications plan (IMT 2000).

W-CDMA

That is WidebandCDMA, also known as CDMADirectSpread, meaning broadband. 

Link Aggregation

Link Aggregation is an important technology, the bandwidth is used to merge and create a resilient redundant links. It can also be used to establish a Gigabit Ethernet switch between the multi-gigabit connections, or the aggregate Fast Ethernet, FDDI or other aircraft, such as lower co-gigabit link. With more than one destination in the destination of the physical link switch, through distribution across the physical link to the data received will be forwarded to the destination data. Included in the received data in accordance with the destination address and source address to the receive data stream selection dispersed column. Dispersed out of the physical link selected one of the whereabouts of the destination, rather than the potential of different data streams of different physical links, thereby allocated across the physical link to forward the received data to receive data, while maintaining the order of frames in the data stream .

Capital allocation

Capital allocation refers to the private equity fund investors, the rewards, is less spending and debt, gained by the investment income and capital. Limited partners recovery of investment after the cost for capital allocation is actual profit. The partnership agreement right the limited partners get capital allocation schedule, also provides the limited partners and general partner of their profits into. 

Asset Allocation

Asset allocation refers to the portfolio allocation proportion, that is how investment in different asset classes distribution between. Involving asset classes include stocks, bonds, property, cash and overseas investment. Institutional investors for asset allocation, the purpose of which is to balance the risks, ensure the diversity of the investment portfolio. Diversification asset classes can bring different returns, such as the return on a bond is low but stable, equity returns but great risk, high return to have the guarantee of cash. Effective asset allocation to maximize the return and liabilities covers. 

IMD(In-Mold Decoration)

IMD(In-Mold Decoration) is the international popular surface decoration technology, the surface hardening transparent film, printing design layer, the back of plastic injection MOLDING IN oil layer, ink, can make the LABEL of the product to prevent surface is scratch resistance and friction, and can keep for a long time of the distinctive color is not easy to fade IN color.

IMD's development process

The traditional plastic processing technology has come to can't satisfy the requirements of new times, light, thin, short of consumer electronics and environmental protection consciousness, IMD technology is payable on this basis arises at the historic moment. Because of the many virtues (IMD) suitable for 3 C, home appliances, LOGO name plate and automobile parts of the plastic products, especially in the popular mobile phone casing and various instrument panel. For this world many materials like German Bayer, American GE, Japan and South Korea are spending a large amount of manpower and material force in the development of the technology suitable for new materials, each year have sprung up function of film and ink materials.

(IMD) mould adornment is a relatively new automatic production process, compared with the traditional process (IMD) can simplify the production process and reduce piecemeal, so can quickly components production save time and cost, and also has improve quality, increase the complexity of the image and improve the product application advantages in product appearance durability, (IMD) is the most efficient method, it is in the thin film on the surface to printing, high pressure molding, cutting, finally and plastic molding, with two assignments from programs and the human hours, especially in general should be in a poor light, many surface, fake metal, hair line processing, logic light grain, ribs interference... Spray paint and printing process cannot handle, but also use the timing. Process IMD

(IMD) mould adornment to be able to replace many of the traditional process, such as heat transfer, painting, printing, electroplating and other exterior adornment method. Especially need to DuoZhong color image, backlit and related products.

Of course here to special note: not all plastic surface decoration are replaced with IMD process, there are material technology now IMD bottleneck (such as hardness and stretch, an inverse correlation positioning accuracy, aliens and convex point spacing, pull out mode) to rake concrete products provide 3 D drawing gear to make professional engineer for analysis.

RMON(Remote Network Monitoring)

RMON(Remote Network Monitoring) the original design is used to solve a center management from the local area points nets and remote sites. RMON standard is expanding by an SNMP MIB to. RMON, network monitoring data includes a set of statistics and performance indicators, they are in different monitor (or says detector) and the control system is mutual exchange between. Results data can be used to monitor network utilization, used in the network planning, performance optimization and assist network error diagnosis.

The current RMON has two versions: RMON v1 and RMONv2. RMON in current use v1 a wide range of network in the hardware, that is it defines a nine MIB set of service in basic network monitor; RMON v2 is the expansion of RMON, focus on the MAC layer above higher flow layer, it basically emphasizes IP flow and application layer flow. RMON v2 allows network management applications monitoring all the network layer packets and this and RMONv1 different, the latter only allow monitoring MAC and the following layer packets.

RMON surveillance systems have two part: detector (agent or monitor) and enterprise. RMON in RMON in storage MIB agent network information, they were injected directly into the network equipment (such as routers, switches, etc), the agency can also be a PC running a program. Agent can only see through their flow, so in each be monitored LAN or WAN for links point should set RMON, with an SNMP agent network management workstation for RMON data information.

RMON MIB many varieties. For example, token nets RMON MIB to provide the token network management of the object. SMON MIB is by the expanding RMON, mainly used for exchange to offer network RMON analysis.

Common investment

Common investment despite refers to the investment the same company, but the two parties involved in the limited partners, fund this word has special meaning. If the fund's limited partners with common investment authority, he can directly on the private equity funds in support of the company investment. So in the company have partner of two independent shares, part of it is through the fund of the indirect gain, and another part is direct investment get. Some private equity companies in order to encourage investors to investment fund, provide for the common investment authority.

Do this with one advantage is all private equity investing in funds, compared with a agencies can earn higher returns. The agency, don't need to pay the fee for the fund with rights and interests and will return a gifted 20%. But to carry on the successful joint investment, the agency is enough to understand the market, be able to assess the quality of the joint investment opportunities. 

Risk Investors

Risk investors can be divided into the following four categories:

A venture capitalist

They are to other entrepreneurs investment entrepreneurs, investors and other risk, as they come to make a profit by investment. But the difference is venture capitalist put up all the capital to all its own, not the entrusted management of capital.

B risk investment company

Risk investment company species are very DuoZhong, but most of the company through the risk investment funds for investment, these funds general with limited partnership for organization form.

C industrial affiliated investment company

This kind of investment company is often some of the financial industry company subordinates independent risk investment agency, they represent the interests of the parent company for investment. This kind of investors usually main will fund in some particular industry. And the traditional risk investment in the same industry investment company, subsidiary also invested enterprise to submit investment proposal the assessment, and further enterprise for due diligence and expect to receive higher returns.

D angel investors

This kind of investors usually invest very young company to help these companies off quickly. In the risk investment fields, "angel investors" this word that is the first batch of investors, entrepreneurs these investors in the company products and business before forming put money in. 

Mobile Search

Mobile search is part of the business, use the ICP content providers of the engine to search the network.

Main realization means has two kinds, one kind is to use a WAP access WAP/WEB search, a search is 3 G direct WEB content, the WAP network though more developed, but the search engines are not many, and the function insufficient generally.

Mobile search refers to mobile devices for end of common, Internet search, so as to realize high speed, accurate information resources. With the rapid development of information technology, the rapid expansion, cell phones have become the main information transmission equipment manufacturing. Especially in recent years, the perfection of the mobile phone technology and the increase of the function, use their phones to access the Internet also to be a way to get information resources of the mainstream. 

TrackBack

What is the TrackBack?

TrackBack is a web log application tool, it can let bloggers know what people see her article wrote about after the essay. In the WordPress software by Movable and contain the function,. This function through in each other between blog "the ping" mechanism, to realize the each other between the website notice; Therefore, it can also provide remind function.

* TrackBack function generally appear in a blog article below, and at the same time will show the other party of the URL information, blog and blog title.

* TrackBack standard point by Six set in 2000, and in Type2.2 of Movable to achieve.

function

Is the product of trackback now WEB2.0, BLOG become the key WEB2.0 the function of the trackback including principle, as follows:

In his own SPACE (no matter where you are and set up their own BLOG or essential), you are indispensable published some comments before, it is in the comments below the placard, probably don't go back and look at their own comments timing of others is how to look at, TRACKBACK is in order to solve this problem and raw.

You in a commentary published BLOG, in reference to the rear of the column of the article quoted input each other (TRACKBACK) address, so you finish the article, published after each other's BLOG will automatically in your comment articles tail added your reference information, shows information for program and different, basic elements includes you comment on title and your comment link, others can see very clearly your reference, and is very easy to click to see your article.

With a bit of important Blog BBS, Blog is a different individual creation, use Blog to express their own things, and preserve their own things, even to others comments on that post Blog in own Blog permanent keep. Through the Trackbak, I can own Blog article published in, but at the same time, this article URL address the Ping to the head of the article to go up. So, all reading the person also can fish head through ShunTengMoGua Trackback come to my Blog to read my article.

So, when our Blog has had Trackback, so who are the Ping function can be through the Trackback Ping to opinion and comments. This, for many home through the Blog site related issue and joined up. All sorts of comments on the Internet connected to each made a net and. Therefore, it can be said that, Trackback created the Blog and BBS, Diary completely different culture, the Blog of the world through the Trackback and become the real infinite interconnection.

As we used to it, let &to discuss problems and do the review it: the content written in own Blog, Trackback Ping to others in the Blog. This concept is BBS mode never called Remote Commenting.

Early versions of the Trackback specification, the Ping is the way to GET to the HTTP requests, now no longer support way, can use to GET to the POST way. 

Strategic Investment

Strategic investment is a company of new company investment, often can bring certain value the company itself. Its purpose is to acquire new company development may be a special product or technology, or support their products of potential users of the new company. In the risk investment fields, strategic investors with risk and the main investors sometimes to get investment returns of the distinctions between investors. The company venture investment is a strategic investment example. 

Heart Yoga

Heart Yoga and body yoga photograph echo, yoga is part of the practise yoga, the mind is going to drive the sorrow, and how this matter in a purely on the concept of self, make sense in a super ash, the pleasure of learning a kind of wisdom to connect appear and personality of the high grade. From this point, yoga is more of a focus on the individual spiritual, the development of its content including mentality and adjustment, and emotional management and psychological adjustment, etc, the goal is to help the individual with health, flat attitude towards being inundated change, all kinds of the temptation of materialism and the sudden challenge. Obviously, this and the public generally thought that "yoga is just a healthy body and sports" point of view, it is characterized by the obvious difference. It is self-evident that the level of the heart to understand from yoga, the more can grasp the true meaning of yoga and inner essence. If reluctantly, "yoga" will be divided into two levels of words, let's define it as "form" and "Heart Yoga yoga".

In fact, the pursuit of Heart Yoga is a kind of heart free and easy way of doing things; Is a kind of laughter appears the wind light cloud light life lofty sentiments; Is a kind of realization understand life texture to highly intelligent; Is a face any life circumstances can keep ease dilute success attitude--all this is to want to achieve uniting the supreme state. As the real yoga teacher mind: "I is being physical environment pollution, I must purify their own heart, and learn to use the detached attitude to enjoy the happiness of life, because each person as if on a horse riding off the horse, it in the desire in the forests of the run around the harm at any time enough to make everyone destruction...

An Indian show in thousands of meters snow-capped mountains and creative, with yoga actually hard way of the meaning of life, he eventually issued a feeling is: your heart state is the true master of you!!!!! "Yes, was born in the earth, each person is inevitably going to experience trickling sluggishly, faced with a difficult wailing wind and temptations, maintain a kind of what kind of attitude, directly will determine your life trajectory.

TSOP(Thin Small Outline Package)

situation

In the 80 s, the memory of the second generation of packaging technology TSOP appear, obtained the field wide acceptance, today is still a memory chip mainstream technological. TSOP(Thin Small Outline Package) Memory is in chips make pins, using around SMT technology (surface installation technology) attached to the PCB directly the surface. TSOP packaging shape dimension, parasitic parameters (current, cause large variation output voltage disturbance, suitable for high frequency decrease) application, the operation is more convenient, has a high reliability. At the same time TSOP packaging has high yield, as well as the low price advantage, so it has been extremely extensive application.


Chromatography discrimination

TSOP encapsulation way, the memory chip is through the chip pins in PCB board of welding, solder joints and PCB contact area is lesser, make the chip to heat transfer is relatively difficult PCB. And TSOP encapsulation methods exist inside of more than 150 MHz, and after the product larger signal interference and electromagnetic interference.

Small on both sides of the gulls wing feet out "IC" (SOIC), the number of feet about 20 ~ 48 feet, including feet, width of 6 ~ 12 mm, from 0.5 feet if used for PCMCIA mil-Holding up or other type of electronic products, it will further the thickness of thinning, called TSOP. Half the, thin and small double row feet IC can be divided into two type; Ⅰ by two short side reaches outward from the feet, Ⅱ by two long side reaches outward from the feet.

GPON (Gigabit-Capable PON)

GPON (Gigabit-Capable PON) technique is based on ITU-TG. 984. The latest generation x standard broadband passive optical comprehensive access, with high standard, high efficiency, big bandwidth coverage, the user interface, such as rich numerous advantages by most operators as broadband access network business, which realize the ideal technology integration transformation. The earliest GPON by FSAN organization in September 2002 to put forward, ITU-T based on this in March 2003 and completed the ITU-T G 984.1 and 984.2 G the formulation, the February 2004 and June completed the 984.3 G of standardization. And in the end the standard form GPON families.

introduction

GPON technology originated in 1995 began gradually formed the ATMPON technical standard, the PON is "passive optical network is the abbreviation of". And GPON (Gigabit-Capable PON) by the earliest FSAN organization in September 2002 to put forward, ITU-T based on this in March 2003 and completed the ITU-T G 984.1 and 984.2 G the formulation, the February 2004 and June completed the 984.3 G of standardization. And in the end the standard form GPON families. Based on the basic structure GPON technology equipment with existing PON, by the bureau is also similar OLT (light lines terminal), the client ONT/ONU (optical network terminal or known as light network unit), before two kinds of equipment connected by single-mode optical fiber (SM) and fiber passive target with (Splitter) composed of ODN (light distribution network) and network management system composition.

Technical standard

For the rest of the PON standards it, GPON standards provide unprecedented high bandwidth, descending rate as high as 2.5 Gbit/s, its asymmetric characteristic more can adapt broadband data services market. Provide QoS guarantee all the business, at the same time carrying ATM letter and (or) GEM frame, a very good offer service level, support and all the business QoS guarantee access ability. Carrying GEM frame, can will TDM business mapped to GEM frame, use the standard 8 kHz (125 u s) frame to directly support TDM business. As the technical standard, the telecommunication level GPON also stipulated in the level of access network protection mechanism and complete OAM function.

In standard, a clearly defined in GPON needed to support business types including data services, including the IP (Ethernet business business and MPEG video), PSTN business (placing, ISDN business), lines (T1, E1, DS3, E3 and ATM business) and video business (digital video). The mapping to GPON business letter yuan or GEM ATM, frame to transfer to various business types can provide the corresponding QoS guarantee.

products

GPON technology allows operators should according to their respective market potential and specific control environment, the authors provide its customers need to provide specific business. GPON technology, equipment relatively complicated. GPON bearing have the security of the many business and QoS powerful OAM ability advantage to a large extent is the complexity of technology and equipment for the cost, thus make the related equipment costs more. Along with the development of technology and mass GPON application, the cost of GPON equipment will be correspondingly decline.  

Body yoga

Body yoga, specifically for physique exercises and use yoga classes. Yoga adhering to the classical form of yoga, groundbreaking principles into the modern women pursuit vogue beautiful psychological needs, into the modern form of sculpture art form, make the body form rich and colorful yoga practice.

Yoga, a modern form of fashion

The yoga practice has become a kind of fashion, especially many women friends often period to practice yoga, get very good shape.

Yoga poses to raise the overall physical beauty

You appearance is beautiful beautiful, largely depends on your body posture is correct. The woman flavour is dye-in-the-wood kundalini yoga practice series of body beauty class there are five units, help women to raise the overall physical beauty. Then, from the unit 1-boosting the yoga back forces start to! The following are a few methods:

Warm-the woman yoga fundamental back

Asana: "warm back" practice-enhances the power back nostrum.

The source of youth and vitality: "warm back" practice can improve body posture, maintain spinal elastic, make body more flexible, more agile thoughts become.

Cat: the body of bad posture outlining the decor.

Effect:

• improve body posture

• youth forever

• prevent disc disease and osteoporosis

• promote body flexible and quick thinking

• coordinate the nervous system

• promote sharp thinking and calm

Behavioral essentials:

Take the kneeling straight, knees and approach, with his hands on knees before the support on the ground. His arms unbend, and walk. Close your eyes, will focus on between shuang point above. When will the spine and breathe in the chest as much as possible, and as straight forward, make a round back. Note:

"Warm back" is kerry and one of body beauty unit practice. It is flexible training, and promote blood and smooth the skin for the main thrust of SaNa (Asana), 5 unit part of the series of exercises. Practice unit 1 ~ 5, the key is different, the function is different, also can be separately practice. But if you can kerry and body beauty five unit practice in turn finished, the effect is much better. Practice unit 2 ~ 5 will next up from newspapers.

Every time before and after practice exercises are to do SaNa (Asana), the beginning of the action and do mante pull (Mantra yoga sing carols) read end action. Or should be in practice and practice is adopted after before legged 1 minute, carries on the deep breath posture, and then have a rest.

Special remind:

• beginners: located in the neck and breathe in nowadays, and exhale will stretch his chin to his chest.

• foot down a pillow to protect foot back a help.

• back problem practitioners, can be in heels and hip was laid between a pillow.

• practice breathing rhythm as far as possible to maintain the uniform.

• if skilled practice this movement, can improve speed, make back feel very warm. 

Beer belly

Beer belly, is the increase with age, men of deep sleep stages decreased, due to poor quality of sleep, hormone secretion will be reduced, the lack of hormones and body fat accumulation in the abdomen increases, and the older the more obvious impact. In addition, many middle-aged man sitting in office a long time, lack of exercise, likely to cause abdominal fat accumulation. Pressure at work, many people eating too much, leading to indigestion, which could easily lead to overweight. What is a beer belly Some friends worried that drunk beer make you fat, produce beer belly. In fact the beer together with the fat does not make sense. Beer can result in higher heating value, which comes mainly from the alcohol extract and other nutrients. Because different types of beer, how many calories there are differences, such as large bottle of good beer, about 160 kilocalories Phoenix, extract ingredients into a 90 kilo-calories, these calories for normal day is about 1 / 5 of the heat. Beer does not contain the body fat of high-fat, so the beer itself does not make people fat. But it is worth mentioning that the beer has to promote the role of the human body the secretion of gastric juice, can increase appetite, plus drink, eat high-calorie dishes with increased fat absorption, it is hard to say. So without restraint to binge eating is causing the real reason for the body fat. In fact, the beer is between the wine and soft drinks are widely consumed among the hobby products. With the continuous improvement of living standards, consumption of beer has been transferred from the Summer drinks are not season of a year-round consumption of health drinks.
 Many middle-aged man in the stomach like a watermelon out of the same drum, this seems to be caused by excess nutrients, in fact, "beer belly, there may be a sign of malnutrition. In general, men approaching old age, due to lower metabolic rate, therefore, will need fewer calories; but for a variety of vitamins, minerals and some nutrients, but need to get more. If nutritional intake is not effective and balanced, then it is prone to hair loss, loose teeth, dry skin, and muscle weakness, constipation, and the brain slow and so on. For men, eating and drinking the right amount (mean intake of nutrients) not only can prevent heart disease, but also enable the 60-year-old man, also in action on the 30-year-old man with the same agility. To this end, the men from middle age onwards to focus on iron, calcium, protein, folic acid and vitamin C, D, B12 intake. Iron supplementation (to eat liver, eggs and nuts) to enhance hematopoietic function, sensation and shortness of breath to prevent the emergence of the phenomenon. The vitamin C can eat oranges, cabbage, green peppers, watermelon, etc. would help improve the body's absorption of iron, lower cholesterol, avoid stress and slow aging. Ensure that the protein needs (may be more fish, beans, milk and eggs), will slow down with age and the occurrence of muscle atrophy. Calcium and vitamin D (rich in milk and fish) will prevent osteoporosis, and loose teeth play a key role. And folic acid (rich in green vegetables, fruit and milk) and vitamin B12 will work together to resist premature aging and burnout. Drink beer belly is out of it? Currently, the international "beer belly" There are several causes of claims. It is said that "beer belly" is the result of excess nutrients, it was also said to be caused by unbalanced nutrition. German Federal Medical Association nutrition latest research shows that "beer belly" and the male genes related to obesity from the hip as women, like men, most of the fat stored in the abdomen. However, depending on the region demonstrates that a reasonable combination of the movement of the case, beer belly, or can be some effect of the inhibition. Because even though most of the beer belly is the result of drinking, there are a lot of people do not drink beer, beer belly. Poor quality of sleep can bring beer belly Of course, every man of different genes and trigger a "beer belly" the possibility is also different. In general, young people, "beer belly" is often because of excess nutrients; for middle-aged, the quality of sleep is the main reason. With age, men of deep sleep stages is also reduced, due to poor quality of sleep, hormone secretion will be reduced, the lack of hormones cause increased body fat and tissue accumulation in the abdomen, and the more obvious impact on older . In addition, many middle-aged man sitting in office a long time, lack of exercise, likely to cause abdominal fat accumulation. In-pressure situations, many people will overeat, leading to indigestion, which could easily lead to overweight. Also suggested that "Laugh and grow fat," fat is a kind of carefree performance. Most of the men married later, the body fat quickly. Ordinary man's body about 30 billion fat cells, with age, some of these cells will gain weight. Therefore, almost every man after the age of 30 is always heavier than before, and his genes, hormones and slowed metabolism are beginning to have an impact on his abdomen. Drinking beer and waist circumference does not matter Conventional wisdom says that excessive drinking beer will make appear big "beer belly", but new research shows how much beer to drink in fact nothing to do with the person's waist. European researchers found that those who appear good beer belly and even the probability of obesity is not high compared with those who do not drink beer. Although beer is not really diet drinks, but it is not caused by excess drinking causes. The researchers found that, excluding such as physical activity and education and other factors, often drink beer and those who do not drink or who drink very little compared to waist circumference and not the larger and heavier weight will not.
 However, men who love to drink, non-smokers who smoke more than fat. Recently, researchers in Britain and the Czech Republic nearly 2,000 Czechs on the drinking habits and obesity status of a random sample, found that "beer belly" and how much beer does not matter. In fact, only 150 calories a glass of beer, calories, fat and only 0.3 grams, and beer containing snake pockmarks and other substances, can also reduce heart disease, diabetes and probability. So one day drink a glass of beer, no problem. "Beer belly" a lot of harm Center for Disease Control and Prevention recently released a report that the U.S. spends about $ 75 billion annually for the treatment of obesity-related diseases, the number has exceeded the money for the treatment of smoking, alcohol-induced diseases. If the body fat in middle age, a higher probability, and abdominal obesity ("beer belly") is with age increases. Abdominal obesity has caused the World Health Organization's attention, because many countries have entered the aging society, if not attention to abdominal obesity, "beer belly" is likely to be affecting the health of one of the most dangerous killers.
 Abdominal obesity is a major factor in accelerated aging, has proved to be more than 15 kinds of disease and death directly related to abdominal obesity, including coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, brain dead bolt, breast, liver and renal failure. Previously, studies have shown that bulging "beer belly" the probability of men have high blood pressure is normal for men's eight times, was the probability of coronary heart disease is five times the ordinary people, ordinary people have diabetes, the probability of seven times, stroke and cerebral infarction and other diseases in the "beer belly" men are also common.