Microphone

The microphone, formal name for microphones, is will sound signals are converted to electrical signal energy conversion device. The 20th century, the microphone by original through resistance for inductance conversion acoustic power development, capacitive conversion, a large number of new microphone technology evolved, which includes aluminum belt, moving coil etc microphone and present the extensive use of capacitor microphone and in a diode microphone.

classification

According to the principle of energy for: change over-bed (moving coil type, aluminum belt type), capacitor microphone type (dc polarization type), the piezoelectric ceramic (crystal type, type), and assolenoid style, carbon particles type semiconductor, style, etc. According to the sound field force is divided into: pressure type, differential pressure, assembled, line circumferenially etc.

According to the signals of the transmission is divided into: cable and wireless.

The end-use can be divided into: measurement microphone, headnotes, microphone, instrument microphone, recording phone, etc.

According to the directivity can be divided into: heart type, sharp, heart-shaped, super, heart-shaped, two-way (8), have no point (fonts omnidirectional type).

Besides the embassy in extremely body and recent emerging silicon micro microphones, liquid microphones and laser microphones. Moving coil microphones sound quality is good, but huge volume.

In a diode microphones volumeexquisite, low cost, telephone, mobile phone equipment widely used in.

Silicon micro microphones based on CMOS MEMS technology, smaller. Consistency in extremely body than the good consistency capacitor microphone 4 times above, so MEMS microphone is especially suitable for high performance-costratio microphone array application, of which, matching better microphone will improve acoustic formation and reducing the noise.

Laser microphones being tapped in use.

history

The microphone's history can be traced back to the 19th century, Alexander Graham Bell Bell () to find better pick scientists voice approaches to was used to improve the latest inventions - call. During they invented liquid microphone and carbon particles microphones, these microphone doesn't work well, barely able to use.

In 1949, wanny "SenHaiSaiEr sandhust laboratory (called) developed MD4, microphone, it can type in noisy environment effectively restrain the sound back feedback, reduce background noise. This is the world in the first paragraph of the noise suppression feedback type microphone.

In 1961, German hannover industrial exposition, SenHaiSaiEr launched MK102 type and MK103 type microphone. These 2 microphone to annotate a brand-new microphone manufacturing idea - RF RF capacitor, namely using small and thin film vibration, because of its small volume, light weight, and to ensure the characteristics of excellent sound quality. In addition, the microphone to electromagnetic interference are very sensitive. Their effects on climate strong anti-jamming performance, very suitable for some new field, for example, use, day and night expedition operated outdoors, facing the temperature difference greatly, weather conditions, the outdoor microphone still excel.

SenHaiSaiEr specifically for musicians in designing and manufacturing, paragraph 1 of the microphone was in 1967 consumer electronic products exposition on display. Black and white gold MD409 type is typical of vertical microphones, its shape is graphic design SenHaiSaiEr classic, and it is mainly a similar MD415 paragraph hand-held microphone. It is one of the strongest voice microphone, its heavy bass shell is all pure handmade, then gilded. These two section echocardiography microphone soon became type musicians ideal choice. They MD421 fondness for growing. Later SenHaiSaiEr again launched a black and white MD421 deluxe edition, its product manual called it "shining golden".

In 1978 SenHaiSaiEr and launch, heart-shaped moving coil type MD431 stage microphones, sent nicknamed "potential", it is absolutely have become performance superstar potential. In order to reproduce the instruments of lithe and graceful natural voice and solo special timbre, engineering personnel for a large number of measurement and improve work to create a more suitable frequency response. This only strong microphone voice crisp, unequivocally of operating noise also have strong inhibitory. Impact sound filter can ensure stage on low frequency noise will not affect the perfect sound reproduction.

Then launched echocardiography type MD429 "sound tent voices" is exclusively for the studio, design and development of product. It's nearly speak effect and directionality microphone similar, but the effect and the sensitivity of the sound of logs are minimized. Its another quality features are: by adopting a more complex spring suspension system, the microphone operating noise also greatly abate. Also provide are "have professional design of amateur microphone" MD427 type moving coil type voice microphones, it with "potential" in sound quality characteristics and appearance characteristics are very similar.

The 20th century, the microphone by original through resistance for inductance conversion acoustic power development, capacitive conversion, a large number of new microphone technology evolved, which includes aluminum belt, moving coil etc microphone and present the extensive use of capacitor microphone and in a diode microphone.

Performance characteristics

Most are stationed in a diode microphone capacitor microphone (ECM), this technology has decades of history. ECM working principle is to use with permanent charge the isolation of polymaterial vibration membrane.

With ECM of polymaterial vibration membrane, MEMS microphone compared with different temperature performance is very stable, not be temperature, vibration, humidity and time influence. Due to the heat resistance is strong, MEMS microphones can bear high temperature ℃ of 260 reflow, and performance there won't be any changes. Due to assemble before changed little, this sensitivity can even save process of manufacture audio commissioning cost.

MEMS microphone need ASIC provide external offset, and ECM that didn't require offset. Effective offset will make the whole operating temperature range can maintain stable acoustics and electrical parameters. MEMS chip external offset also support the design with different sensitivity microphone.

Traditional ECM size is usually better than MEMS microphone larger, and cannot undertake SMT operate. SMT soldering simplifies the manufacturing process, may omit a manufacturing process, this step now usually by way of craft.

IC with a standing within a diode capacitor microphone signal processing electronic components and difference, but it is a have already been put into use of technology. Is in extremely in the body, must add IC, and in MEMS microphone, only the in IC on adding additional special function can. Compared with ECM is the advantage of this additional function that microphone has high power restrainratio. That is to say, if the power supply voltage fluctuates would be restrained effectively.