Lithium battery is a kind of lithium metal or by aluminium-lithium alloys for anode materials, instead of using water electrolyte solution of batteries. The earliest lithium battery from great inventor Thomas Edison, use the following response: Li + MnO2 = LiMnO2 this reaction for REDOX reaction, discharge. Because the chemical properties of lithium metal very lively, making lithium metal processing, storage, use of environmental requirement is very high. So, lithium battery long-term didn't get applications. Now lithium battery has become the mainstream.
Lithium battery principle profile
summary
Lithium battery is a kind of lithium metal or by aluminium-lithium alloys for anode materials, instead of using water electrolyte solution of batteries. The earliest lithium batteries used the following response: Li + MnO2 = LiMnO2, this response for REDOX reaction, discharge.
The positive reaction to occur on
LiCoO2 = charging = Li1 - xCoO2 + Xli++ Xe (electronic)
Negative reaction to occur on
6C + XLi++ Xe = = = = = LixC6
Battery total response: LiCoO2 + 6C = Li1 - xCoO2 + LixC6
Lithium battery development process
Because the chemical properties of lithium metal very lively, making lithium metal processing, storage, use, to environment require very high, so lithium battery production in special environment conditions. But because of lithium battery of a lot of advantages, lithium batteries were widely used in electronic instrument, digital and electrical appliances product. But, lithium battery majority is secondary battery, also have non-rechargeable batteries. A few of the secondary battery life and safety is poorer.
Later, SONY of Japan invented by carbon materials for anode, with li-containning compounds for positive lithium battery, in the process of charging and discharging lithium metal, not only exist, lithium ion, this is the lithium ion batteries. When the battery charge, battery anode has lithium ion to generate, generated by the electrolyte of lithium ion movement to the negative terminal. But as the cathode carbon is layered structure, it has a lot of microporous, reach of negative lithium ion is embedded into carbon layer of microporous, embedded lithium ion battery capacity more higher. Likewise, when to the battery for electric discharge (i.e. we use battery process), anode carbon layer embedded in the lithium ion emerge, and movement back positive. Back positive lithium ion, the more discharge capacity is higher. We usually say of battery capacity meant discharge capacity. In Li - IO of charging and discharging lithium ion in the process, from the positive - negative - positive motions. Li - like a rocking chair Batteries IO, rocking chair at both ends of the battery, and for the extremes of lithium ion is like the players do in rocking chair return rush. So Batteries and call Li - IO rocking chair type battery.
Along with the digital products such as mobile phones, laptops and other products widely used, lithium ion battery with excellent performance in this kind of product is widely used in recent years, and gradually to the other application development. In 1998, tianjin power institute started commercial production of lithium ion battery. Traditionally, people lithium ion battery also called lithium battery, now lithium ion battery has become the mainstream.
Lithium battery material
Lithium battery cathode materials can be divided into the following kinds:
The first kind is carbon anode materials:
At present already practical for lithium ion battery anode materials are basically carbon materials, such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, intermediate phase carbon microspheres, petroleum coke, carbon fiber, pyrolytic resin carbon, etc.
The second is tin base anode materials:
Tin base anode materials can be divided into tin oxide tin and matrix composite oxides two kinds. Oxide refers to all valence metal tin oxide. No current commercial products.
The third one is li-containning transition metal nitrides anode materials, and there are no commercial products.
A fourth is alloy anode materials class:
Including tin base alloy, silicon base alloy, ge base alloy, aluminum alloy with, antimony base alloy, magnesium alloy with and other alloy, and there are no commercial products.
A fifth is nanoscale anode materials: carbon nanotubes, nano alloy materials.
The 6th kind of nanomaterials are nano oxide material: currently, hefei xiang is chemical technology Co., LTD. According to 2009 lithium battery new energy industry market development, the latest trend, many companies have begun to use nanometer titanium oxide and nano silicon oxides added in the old traditional graphite, tin oxide, carbon nanotubes inside, greatly increase the lithium battery of blunt blunt discharge put of electricity and often.
Lithium battery features
Lithium ion battery main advantages
1, than energy is quite high. With high stored energy density, currently has reached 46-600Wh/kg, is the lead-acid batteries about six to seven times;
2, long service life, service life can reach six years, lifepo4 for positive 1CDOD rechargeable battery put, can use 10,000 times of record.
3, rated voltage high (monomer working voltage to 3.7 V or 3.2 V), about equal to three only ni-cd rechargeable battery or nickel metal hydride series voltage, facilitate composition battery power group,
4, possess high power electric automobile use, including endurance of lifepo4 lithium ion battery can reach 15-30C charging and discharging ability, facilitate high strength of starting and accelerating,
5, self-discharge rate is very low, this is this one of the most prominent superiority of battery, current general can be done in less than 1% / month following nimh batteries, the 1/20;
6, light weight, under the same volume weight is about lead-acid product 1/5-6,
7, high/low temperature adaptability is strong, can be in ℃ - 20-60 ℃ environment is used, through process handling, can in - 45 ℃ environment use;
8 and green environmental protection, regardless of production, use and scrap, do not contain, also do not produce any lead, mercury, cadmium and heavy metal elements such as poisonous and harmful substances.
9, production of water shortage, water basic needless of our country, it is very beneficial.
Than energy refers to the unit weight or unit volume of energy. The specific energy by Wh/kg or Wh/L to said. Wh are energy units, W is the watts, h is hours; GMBH &co. Kg is kilograms (weight units), L is litre (unit of volume).
Lithium battery weakness:
1, lithium YuanDianChi there are poor safety, explosion danger.
2, cobalt acid lithium of lithium-ion battery can't anti-shocking, are less secure.
3, lithium ion battery all needs to protect circuit, prevent battery was overcharge after discharge.
4, production requirement high and high cost.
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