Protocol stack

Protocol stack is the sum of the network protocol layers, and its image reflects a network file transfer process: an upper level protocol to the underlying protocol, then the underlying protocol to the upper layer protocol. Is the most widely used Internet protocol stack. 
Introduction 
Protocol stack is the sum of the network protocol layers, and its image reflects a network file transfer process: an upper level protocol to the underlying protocol, then the underlying protocol to the upper layer protocol. Is the most widely used Internet protocol stack, from top to bottom of the agreement are: the application layer (HTTP, FTP, TFTP, TELNET, DNS, EMAIL, etc.), transport layer (TCP, UDP), network layer (IP) , the link layer (WI-FI, Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, etc.), physical layer (MAC). 
Stack Protocol Stack 
If you do not refer to the following protocol for data exchange or communication process of discussion, it is impossible to discuss the computer Internet. Any discussion of the agreement and usually involves an open system interconnection (OSI) protocol stack comparison. OSI protocol stack defines how manufacturers to produce products with other vendors products that work together. However, the lack of industry recognition, today, OSI is more like a model, rather than an accepted standard. This is because many companies have in their products to achieve some agreement. 
Protocol defines ways to communicate with other systems. It describes the data signal timing and communications structure. In the lower layer protocol stack vendors can define rules to follow to make their equipment with other manufacturers equipment interconnection. Higher level defines how to manage different types of communication sessions, the user application how to interoperate. You go higher in the stack, the protocol is more complex. 
Let us use the OSI standard to compare vendors and products between the operating system networking and interoperability. In the OSI model, there are seven in the protocol stack, each at a different level of hardware and software work. You can check the stack of each layer to see how the system is in the local area network (LAN) to communicate. Internet or OSI model protocol stack shown in Figure P-17. 
As stated before, many manufacturers do not fully follow the OSI protocol stack. They use the OSI protocol stack is very close to the other protocol stack, or some combination of separate agreements into a protocol group. Figure P-18 for some of the most popular protocol stack compared. Using a stack of products can not use another protocol stack product directly connected to or interoperate. However, the use of different "packages" technology and protocol conversion between them is possible to achieve some level of interoperability. Here are some of the major protocol stack: 
Other information 
OSI protocol stack: OSI protocol stack by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to promote the worldwide interoperability and defined. It is used to compare other standard protocol stack. 
NetWare SPX / IPX protocol: NetWare serial Packet Exchange / Internetwork Packet Exchange (SPX / IPX) protocol is used by the NovellNetWare an essential protocol (nativeprotocol). It originated from the Xerox Network System (XNS) protocol stack. TCP / IP protocol suite: the Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) is one of the first network protocol stack. It was originally developed by the U.S. Department of Defense multi-vendor network product that will connect achieved. IP section which provides a connection to the Internet's best defined and used by many manufacturers in the local area or wide area network products. 
AppleTalk protocols: AppleTalk protocol is connected by Apple Computer for the Apple Macintosh system and defined. 
IBM / Microsoft agreement groups: IBM and Microsoft for Internet products are usually combined, it is because the two companies developed together with their products, for example, L Manager and OS / 2.