Plastic

Plastic treatment range is mainly skin, muscle and bone etc trauma, disease, congenital or Japanese b encephalitis tissue or organs defects and deformity. Treatment includes repairing and rebuilding two content. With operation methods of various tissues autologous transplantation, also can use variants, heterogeneous organization or organization substitute to repair various reasons caused by tissue defect or deformity, to improve or restore physiological function and appearance.

Orthopedics hospital

Orthopedics hospital is to point to by national ministry of health approved the establishment, be engaged in medical qualifications, and performing surgical qualification of the health department. Plastic hospital have state-run plastic hospital, private orthopedics hospital points. In many cases, a number of hospitals, especially with a large-scale hospital has conducting plastic surgery, but strictly speaking, such hospitals are not called plastic hospital. Plastic hospitals should be professionally engaged in orthopedics hairdressing business specialty hospital. So from this definition for China's true orthopedics hospital numbered.

Plastic surgery history

Plastic surgery may be an emerging professional, only nearly 100 years of history, but reconstructive surgery of the body surface defects can be traced back to ancient times. For example a chapter of our country BC cleft lip records, 6 ~ 7 century BC Indian namely nasal reengineering and earlobes repair records. The 19th century engaged in plastic surgery is increasing, the expanded especially skin grafts emerged and many books about plastic surgery to come out, plastic surgery to professional promotes the development. In the early 20th century in the treatment of world war I with and maxillofacial trauma, which occupies an important role.

Plastic surgery medical classification

What is a plastic surgery

Plastic surgery can treatment of congenital function and appearance of the defects in, or because of traffic accident, trauma, disease and aging caused physical abnormalities. Plastic surgery with operation methods of various tissues autologous transplantation, also can use variants, heterogeneous organization or organization substitute to repair various reasons caused by tissue defect or deformity, to improve or restore physiological function and appearance.

Someone took the plastic surgery is called after clinical medicine, preventive medicine, rehabilitation medicine after "the 4th medicine", i.e., cosmetic medicine. And cosmetic surgery cosmetic surgeon, habit says belongs to plastic surgery, is a branch of improving body appearance, improve countenance, also can saying is the normal body organs or parts after surgery to become a better, more beautiful than normal. So it is a kind of aesthetic feeling of an increasing fine and rigorous clinical surgery medical technology. Say from broad sense, cosmetic surgery should include facial, breast, trunk in areas such as the cosmetic surgery, and skin and hair beauty treatment.

Plastic surgery is the youngest surgeon branch, good-looking man is looking for plastic surgery, is the average person may also and plastic surgery relationshiop between, because it contains range is very wide, the little mole, to learn, to break scar broken leg microscopic heavy after surgery, belong to plastic surgery field.

Plastic surgery can be divided into eight categories

1. Burns plastic

For after burns scar, deformity appearance or dysfunction did treatment and rebuild. Nearly

2. Cranial maxillofacial surgery

Facial trauma, facial fractures, lip ELie, other congenital facial deformity of treatment and reconstruction, etc.

Hand 3.

Hand trauma, congenital malformation, providing heavy receive, microscopic flap transplantation, etc.

4. Microsurgical

Through operation microscopes or magnifying glass, using microsurgical technique for the tiny blood vessels and nerves anastomose reconstruction function of the process.

5. Cosmetic surgery

Is with normal anatomic structures and physiological function of human body to carry on physique aesthetic correction and shape again.

Cosmetic dental 6.

Aiming at the irregular teeth or teeth in the color correction and repair

Scar plastic 7.

Aiming at the problem of scar repair achieve beautification effect

Plastic hair 8.

For thinning hair. Hair, scalp trauma and head plastic

Plastic surgery is the youngest surgeon branch, good-looking man is looking for plastic surgery, is the average person may also and plastic surgery relationshiop between, because it contains range is very wide, the little mole, to learn, to break scar broken leg microscopic heavy after surgery, belong to plastic surgery field.

Cosmetic surgery characteristics

Beauty is the person's nature, but the pursuit of beauty is under the influence of various factors, including economic ability is people choose the hairdressing way of main basis. Beauty professional since the date of its birth, it contains certain utilitarian, especially in recent decades, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, cosmetic with unprecedented speed developed, mainly thanks to the commercialization of cosmetic surgery. Cosmetic surgery as a discipline by medical treatment means to maintain and create the human body beauty, besides the utilitarian subject outside, still in the following several aspects is distinguished from other general surgery.

A surgical crowd.

General surgery patients is machine body, there exist certain pathological changes, and cause pain experience a kind of group. Physicians allure patients surgically diseased, alleviate the pain, restore normal physiological function, therefore, patients and physicians relationship is passive relationship with patients in order to relieve pain, can accept the operative surgery, he have no choice. And cosmetic patients most on body and without cause pain, but the pathological changes of the psychological obstacle, they for his own defects feel inferior, shame. They see a doctor not the solution to the physical pain, but through the operation reach cosmetic effect and self-confidence. They asked for their surgery, doctors to rectify the physiological defects, their relationship with beauty physician is an active relationship, they can choose their favorite operation method.

Second, anesthesia

Common surgical anaesthesia to relieve the pain of surgery patients and smoothly through the operation period for the purpose, to anesthesia dosage and usage without excessive demands. And cosmetic anesthesia in addition to let the patient had no pain through the operation outside, still answer in order to comparing surgical effect in the operation for the purpose, such as double eyelid surgery and anesthesia should make two eyes in anesthetic dosage and anaesthesia injection level consistent so that surgery compared the effect.

Third, operation

General surgery to reduce the patients exposed scope, good wound revealed lesions and facilitate the operation for the principle. Therefore, in the operation of the organization exposure in the surgical incision fewer is better, the closer the operation is convenient; lesions And cosmetic operations in order to compare operation effect, reduce incision exposed and scar tissue hyperplasia after surgery for principle, the operation requirements fine accurate, avoid unnecessary tissue damage.

Operation is divided again nonoperative plastic (injection plastic surgery in laser cosmetology skin

Filling material is generally prosthesis bentonite body and autologous fat (cartilage) transplantation

Four, operation effect evaluation

General surgery in the evaluating whether diseased and relieve the pain, after surgery patients without complications and pathological changes of recurrent basis, whether the appearance no excessive operation requirements. And cosmetic operations effect evaluation based on operation area in static or dynamic shape under whether beautiful for the standard, by patients and those around her view of greater influence.

Five, the recognition of complications Zhuo

General surgery with salving patients for purpose, complications easily to get the patient and family to understanding. And cosmetic surgery to beauty and commercial interests as the purpose, complications often not be accepted by patients and family members, easy to produce medical disputes. Accordingly, requirement cosmetic surgeon not only has the solid foundation of medical knowledge, superb surgical techniques, but higher aesthetic accomplishment, try to reduce complications. Orthopedics hairdressing effect of surgery, depends on how the experience technology (60%) patient conditions (30%) and luck (10%). Orthopedics hairdressing surgery is not everything. There's mastercard, hope of 1000 people one side effect of surgery is ignorant. Surgery can put ugly duckling into a white swan, but can't put into an elephant, not to the ant hopes too high expectations cosmetic surgery. Not gratified clothes can not, improper operation holded lifelong. Good foundation with surgical operation is added make up to achieve the best beautiful effect. For beautiful at ZaGuoMaiTie is not wise. Before the operation best achieved family agreed to avoid future disputes. Cuts in inappropriate clothing bad changed, a second surgery trim more difficult. There are many problem is orthopedics hairdressing surgery cannot solve, orthopedics hairdressing can solve the objective existence problem, cannot solve the problem subjective cognition. Hope that through orthopedics hairdressing surgery to achieve what goal, the beautiful as bait, is not appropriate.

Plastic flow

aseptic

In plastic surgery in sterile operation is a must strictly enforce the principle, because any infection will directly influence the effect of surgery, plastic surgery operation is relatively complex, surgical time longer, not only, more extensive surgery wild sometimes also involves two or more surgery wild, thus wound exposure opportunity more, infection is increasing. Especially in tissue transplants, be transplanted tissue is a piece of ischemic tissues, without reestablishing blood pre-shipment, of infected resistance could reduce. Therefore, in plastic surgery should strictly abide by the sterile operation, if the graft once infected, will be disqualified if transplant tissue infection necrosis, not only, still make by area damage, thus make the patient has lost only reconstructive opportunity. The repair or closed a fresh wounds wound, also requires strict aseptic manipulation, and will put a pollution wound processing becomes a clean wound, make skin flap transplant or slices to completely lively.this type to ensure local function recovery. In facial involves nose, eye, oral surgery, localized areas such as aseptic be very difficult to do, but the skin and oral preoperative preparation, should be done in the operation should be at least do not make exogenous infection source into surgery wild. Aseptic involve the operation of each aspect, each operation details, ask each participate in surgery and prepare surgical instruments items, first nurturance strict aseptic concept, consciously abide by and execution of aseptic operation procedures.

Noninvasive technique

Any surgery for organizations have certain damage and destruction effect, surgery in every form may make innumerable cells, such as damage and destruction excessive clamping, extrusion, pull, dry or overheating shi fu to wait, all make a layer of cells or part of tissue necrosis, these necrosis of the organization will become bacterial culture medium, even without the form apparent infection, at least in the healing will form the scar tissue. Surgery, want nurturance care organization concept. From the histologic views on, any soft tissue, blood vessels, nerve or lymphatic are living tissue, any squeezing or rough handling can be caused by a certain degree of damage and damage, form secondary necrosis, noninvasive technique is the damage rate was reduced to a minimum level. The operation want steady operation, accurate, light and fast. Knife, scissors, stitches must sharp is exquisite. Wound exposure times shoulds not be too long, at any time with wet brine gauze will wound covers. But do not use overheat brine gauze, especially in hemostatic, often because eagerly hope hemostatic, sometimes forgot waiting for wet gauze cools, eager to overheat wet gauze mask to the municipal pressure wound therefore cause wound tissue damage, this damage can affect wound healing, but this is totally should be avoided.

Basic operation

Incisions required incision small, concealment, scar does not affect the function. We should pay attention to the following several factors: (1) dermatoglyph and knit line incision should be consistent with the knit line, or down the expression lines, (2) incision direction general also should choose and nerves, large vessels equal direction but in face ministry to consider knit line. Dissection of surgery should be mainly with sharp dissection bleeding plastic surgery, bleeding due to the wound, so thoroughly more surgery is the important step bleeding. Electricity coagulation, oppression, ligatures and a tourniquet hemostatic, etc. Suture plastic surgery requirement achieves good wound healing, make the line smooth linearly without hyperplasia protuberant or irregular special-shaped healing scar. At present the best effect for leather within a legitimate (skin incision seam trapezoid, namely dermal epidermal more than excision of one part, such retropublic dermis, skin, and almost no few uplift tension).