Sensor network

Sensor network is composed of many in the space distribution of the automatic device consisting of a computer network, these devices using sensors collaboratively monitoring of different locations on the physical or environmental conditions ( such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants ). The development of wireless sensor network originated from the battlefield surveillance, military applications. Nowadays, wireless sensor networks have been applied in many fields, such as environmental and ecological monitoring, health care, home automation, and traffic control.

Principle

Sensor network nodes each with the exception of one or more sensors, is equipped with a radio transceiver, a small microcontroller, and an energy source (usually battery ). Single sensor node size to a shoe, as small as a grain of dust. The sensor node 's cost is also uncertain, from hundreds of dollars to a few cents, depending on the sensor network and the size of a single sensor nodes required complexity. The sensor node size and complexity of the limit determines the energy, storage, computing speed and bandwidth constrained.

In the field of computer science, sensor network is a hot research, every year there is a lot of seminars and international conferences.

Effect

Sensor network mainly includes three aspects: induction, communications, computing ( hardware, software, algorithms ). One of the key technologies include wireless database technology, such as the use of the wireless sensor network query, and for other sensors and communication network technology, especially the multiple hop routing protocol. For example, Motorola used in families in the control system of ZigBee wireless protocol.

Editor this paragraph supplement

A sensor network is composed of a large number of deployed in action within the region, with wireless communication and computing ability of micro sensor nodes constitute a self-organization according to the environment and independent complete the assigned task distributed intelligent network system. Sensing network node distance is short, generally using multi-hop ( multi-hop ) wireless communication communication. Sensor network can be independent of the operating environment, also can be connected by a gateway to the Internet, so that users can remotely access.

Sensor networks are integration of sensor technology, embedded computing technology, modern network and wireless communication technology, distributed information processing technology, through the integration of the various types of micro sensor used for monitoring, sensing and collecting various environmental or monitors the information of objects, through the embedded system for information processing, and through the random self organizing wireless communication network in multi-hop relay the information will be transmitted to the user terminal. In order to realize the" ubiquitous computing" concept.

The composition and function of the sensor network node includes the following four basic elements: sensing unit ( which is composed of a sensor and a / D conversion module ), a processing unit ( by the embedded system, including CPU, memory, such as embedded operating system ), a communication unit ( by the wireless communication module, and a power supply part ). In addition, can choose the other functional unit comprises: positioning system, motor system and generating device.

In wireless sensor networks, node through a variety of ways deployed in large numbers of perceived objects inside or near. These nodes constitute a self-organization wireless network, collaborative approach to perception, acquisition and processing network coverage area specific information, can be achieved for any place at any time the information acquisition, processing and analysis. A typical sensor network structure includes a distributed sensor nodes ( Group ), sink node, the Internet and other user interface.

A sensor node can communicate with each other, organize themselves into network and through multi-hop manner is connected to Sink ( base station node ), Sink node after receiving the data, through the gateway ( Gateway ) and public Internet network connection. The entire system through the task manager to manage and control the system. Sensor network characteristics so that it has a very broad application prospects, the ubiquitous characteristics make them in the near future to become an indispensable part of our life.