Lithium battery

Lithium battery is a kind of lithium metal or by aluminium-lithium alloys for cathode materials and use the water electrolyte solution of batteries. The earliest lithium battery from great inventor Thomas Edison, use the following response: Li + MnO2 = LiMnO2 this reaction, discharge for REDOX reaction. Because the chemical properties of lithium metal lithium metal very lively, makes the processing, storage, use of environmental requirements, is very high. So, lithium battery long-term didn't get applications. Now lithium battery has become the mainstream.

Common battery

Battery performance parameters are mainly emf, capacity, than energy and resistance. Electromotive force equals unit charged anode through the battery by internal moved to positive, battery the electrostatic force (chemical force) the work done. Emf depends on the chemistry of the electrode materials, the size of the battery and independent. The total battery can output the capacity for battery charge quantity ampere hour, usually with a unit. In reaction, 1 kg of battery power generated by the reaction substance called battery than the theory of energy. The actual battery energy than theory than than energy small. Because not all of reactants in the battery, and according to the battery reaction should cause the battery resistance also fell, so often the electromotive force than energy high battery called high-energy battery. The battery, the greater the resistance of the smaller.

Lithium battery principle profile

overview

Lithium battery is a kind of lithium metal or by aluminium-lithium alloys for cathode materials and use the water electrolyte solution of batteries. The earliest lithium battery use the following response: Li + MnO? = LiMnO? The reaction for REDOX reaction, discharge.

Positive reaction to occur on

LiCoO? = charging = Li? - xCoO? + Xli++ Xe (electronic)

Negative reaction to occur on

6C + XLi++ Xe = = = = = LixC6

Total response: LiCoO battery? + Li1 - xCoO 6C =? + LixC6

Lithium battery development process

Because the chemical properties of lithium metal lithium metal very lively, makes the processing, storage, use of environmental require very high, lithium battery production, so in special environment conditions. But because of li-ion batteries many advantages, lithium batteries were widely used in electronic instrument, digital and electrical appliances product. But, lithium battery majority is secondary battery, also have disposable batteries. A minority of secondary battery life and safety relatively poor.

Later, SONY of Japan invented to carbon materials for the anode, in order to contain lithium for positive of lithium battery compounds in charge and discharge process, no metal lithium exist, only lithium ion, this is lithium ion batteries. When the battery charge, battery anode lithium ion generation, have generated by the electrolyte of lithium ion movement to the negative terminal. But as the cathode carbon is layered structure, it has a lot of microporous, reach of negative lithium ion is embedded into carbon layers of microporous, embedded lithium ion battery capacity more higher. Similarly, when the battery for electric discharge (i.e. we use battery process), embedded in the anode carbon layer, and lithium ion emerge to positive movement. Back to the positive terminal of the lithium ion, the more discharge capacity is higher. We usually say of battery capacity meant discharge capacity. Li - IO in the process of charging and discharging lithium ion in, from the positive and negative and positive motions. Li - like a rocking chair Batteries IO, rocking the extremes of both ends of the battery, and for lithium ion like athletes run back and forth as in rocking chair. So Li Batteries also called rocking chair - IO of Batteries.

With digital products such as cell phones, laptops and other products widely used in lithium ion batteries, outstanding performance in this kind of product is widely used in recent years, and gradually to the other application development. In 1998, tianjin power research institute started commercial production of lithium-ion battery. Traditionally, people lithium ion battery also called lithium batteries, now lithium ion battery has become the mainstream.

Lithium battery material

Lithium battery cathode materials can be divided into the following kinds:

The first kind is carbon cathode materials:

At present already practical for lithium ion battery anode materials are basically carbon materials, such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, intermediate phase carbon microspheres, petroleum coke, carbon fiber, pyrolytic resin carbon, etc.

The second is tin base cathode materials:

Tin and the anode materials can be divided into tin oxide and tin matrix composite oxide two kinds. Oxide refers to all valence metal tin oxide. No current commercial products.

The third is to contain lithium transition metal nitrides cathode materials, and there are no commercial products.

A fourth is alloy anode materials: such

Including tin base alloy, silicon base alloy, ge base alloy, aluminum alloy with, antimony base alloy, magnesium alloy with and other alloy, and there are no commercial products.

A fifth is nanoscale cathode materials: carbon nanotubes, nano alloy material.

The 6th kind of nanomaterials are nano oxide material: currently, hefei xiang is chemical technology Co., LTD. According to the 2009 lithium battery new energy industry market development specials, and many companies have started using nanometer titanium oxide and nano oxidation silicon add in old traditional graphite, tin oxide, carbon nanotubes inside, greatly increase the lithium battery of blunt put of electricity and rushed discharge frequency.

Characteristics of lithium-ion batteries

Lithium ion battery main advantages

1, energy biyibi higher. With high stored energy density, currently has reached 46-600Wh/kg of lead-acid batteries, is about six to seven times;

2, long service life, service life can reach six years, for positive lifepo4 (100% battery 1C DOD) charge-discharge, can use 10,000 times records;

3 and rated voltage high (monomer working voltage to 3.7 V or 3.2 V), is about the only nickel cadmium or nickel metal hydride rechargeable batteries, facilitate composition of series voltage battery power group;

4, have high power electric car, which spins in lifepo4 of lithium ion battery can reach 15 - the ability of 30C charging and discharging, facilitate high intensity starting and accelerating;

5, self-discharge rate is very low, this is the one of the most prominent superiority battery, at present general can be done in less than 1% / month following nimh batteries, the 1/20;

6, light weight, under the same volume weight is about a fifth of lead-acid products 6;

7, high/low temperature adaptability is strong, can be in - 20 ℃ - 60 ℃ environment on craft is used, through the processing, can be in - 45 ℃ environment use;

8 and green environmental protection, regardless of production, use and scrap, do not contain, also don't produce any lead, mercury, cadmium etc poisonous and harmful heavy metal elements and substances.

9, production basic needless to water shortages, in water for very favorable.

The specific energy refers to the unit weight or unit volume of energy. Wh than energy use Wh/L/kg or to represent. Wh is energy units, W is watts, h is hours; GMBH &co. Kg is kilograms (weight unit), L is liters (a unit of volume). Lithium battery weakness:

1, lithium there are poor safety, YuanDianChi explosion danger there.

2, cobalt acid lithium of lithium-ion battery can't anti-shocking, are less secure.

3, lithium ion battery all needs to protect circuit, prevent battery was overcharge after discharge.

4, production requirement is high, high cost.

Lithium YuanDianChi profile:

Lithium battery - mno2 (CR)

Metal lithium for negative to heat treated for positive, isolating membrane mno2 by PP or PE membrane, the columned battery and lithium ion battery electrolyte for, like the diaphragm high chlorine acid lithium organic solution, cylinder type or clasp type. Battery requires more than 1% in the dry environment humidity under production.

Features: low self-discharge, can be in more than 1%, all life.low self-discharge sealing (metal welding, seal) battery can meet lazer 10 years of my life, half sealed battery is commonly 5 years, if work control bad word, still short of this life. In the columned lithium manganese battery better development woof, currently has realized billion battery can do automatic production, short-circuit, discharge test not explode.

Generally in desktop PCS, there is a button on the main board type of lithium battery, provide weak electricity, can use normally 3 years or so, some hotel entrance card, instrument and apparatus, etc are also using lithium manganese dioxide battery, in recent years - has been declining use.

Lithium battery - the sulfur carbonyl chlorides

Metal lithium for negative, positive and electrolyte for the sulfur carbonyl chlorides (chlorinated sulfone follows), cylinder type battery, assembling complete namely have electricity, voltage 3.6 V, is the most stable working voltage of the battery, it is also the one type of unit volume (quality) capacity of the highest batteries. Suitable for cannot always maintain electronic instruments used on the current provide subtle.

Other lithium battery has lithium battery, lithium, ferrous sulphide - sulfur dioxide battery, etc.

The structure of lithium ion batteries

There are usually two kinds of lithium battery appearance: the columned and square.

Battery internal adopting spiral around system structure, with a very delicate and permeability strong polyethylene film insulation material between the positive and negative interval and into. Positive including lithium (or by the cobalt acid manganese acid lithium nickel and cobalt, manganese acid lithium, lifepo4, etc.) and the current collection of foil extremely. By graphitization anode carbon materials and copper foil extremely composition of current collection. Cell filled with organic electrolyte solution. Also equipped with safety and PTC components (part cylindrical type use), so that the battery in not normal and protect battery output circuit are not damaged.

Single quarter of lithium battery voltage to 3.7 V (lifepo4 positive for 3.2 V), battery capacity also could not infinite, so will often single quarter of lithium battery for series and parallel processing, to meet the requirements of different occasions.

The application of lithium-ion batteries

As the twentieth century microelectronics technology development, the miniaturization of equipment for power increasingly raised very tall requirement. Lithium battery then entered the large-scale practical stage.

The earliest to application of YuanDianChi, used in lithium and is pacemakers. Because of lithium and battery life.low self-discharge rate is extremely low, discharging voltage is very gentle. Make pacemaker implantation in the human body the long-term use of possible.

Lithium manganese batteries generally have higher than the nominal voltage, 3.0 volts better suited for integrated circuit power, widely used in computer, calculator, watches.

Now, lithium ion battery extensively applied in mobile phones, laptops, electric tools, electric vehicles, street lamp standby power, navigation lamp, small household appliances, arguably the biggest application groups.